Possessive case.
1-This is my book..This is mine.
-My car is beautiful.Mine is beautiful
2-This is your pen .This is yours (they-you)
3-That is their house.That is theirs.
-Their house is big.Theirs is big.
4-This is our car.This is ours.
-Our car is red.Ours is red
5-This is his jacket.It's is his
6-I see his friend.I see his
7- This is her bag..This is hers.
Objective case
1-My father gave me pen
2- He asked for you yesterday
3-He visit them regularly
4-He visit us
5-He gave her apen
6-He saw it
Avoiding repetition
1- We should invite them;but we don't want to invite them.
-We should nnvite them ;but we don't want to.
2- I can't go there now ;but I plan to go there by the end of June.
- I can't go there now ;but I plan to by the end of June.
3- They can't visit us tomorrow ; but they hope to visit us next Friday.
- They can’t visit us tomorrow ;but they hope to next Friday.
(Either&Neither&Too&Also&So)
Sami didn't like the film , and I didn’t like the film
Sami didn't like the film, and I didn't eitherEnd sentence
I can't speak French, and my brother can't speak French
I can't speak French neither can my brother
Bilal hasn't done his homework,and Yussif hasn't done his homework
Bilal hasn't done his homework neither has Yussif. Midle sentence
He is not tired. I am not tired
He is not tired,and I am not either
He is not tired,and neither am I
He is tired,and I am too.
He will play tennis, and I will play tennis.
He will play tennis, and so will I.
He is clever, and his brother is clever.
He is clever, and so is his brother. Midle sentence
He bought a sandwich. Also he bought one for her.
Omitting(to)
I gave some bread to the cat
I gave the cat some bread
Send a nice gift to Ali
Send Ali a nice gift
Omitting(who-which-that)
1-(who-which-that+V be)
Look at the car which is running fast.
Look at the car running.
I saw the man who was carrying the bag.
I saw the man carrying the bag.
2-(who-which-that + noun & pronoun)
I read the letter that he had written.
I read the letter he had written.
I read the letter that Ali had written.
I read the letter Ali had written.
3-(who-which-that + V1&V2)
There are many companies which make these products.
There are many companies making these products.
The students who achieved good results were rewarded.
The students achieving good results were rewareded.
Omitting(and)
He scored 10 points and gained over his rival.
He scored 10 points gaining over his rival.
Reported speech (Direct &Indirect )
- He says " I am working hard"
- He says that he is working hard.
-He said "I drive my children to school every day"
-He said that he drove his children to school every day.
-He said "I drove my children to school"
-He said that he had driven his children to school.
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-They said to me "We will leave for Jeddah soon"
-They told me that they would leave for Jeddah soon.
-He said to me"I completed my work"
-He told me that he had completed his work.
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-Don't go there "He said to me"
-He told me not to go there.
-Ali said "are you tired"?
-Ali asked me if I was tired.
-The doctor said "Is that okay"?
-The doctor asked if that was okay.
-"Have you already eaten dinner?"
-He asked me if I had already eaten dinner.
-Will you come to dinner?
-He asked me if I would come to dinner.
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-He said"do you like rice?"
-He asked me if I liked rice.
-He said "did you see him?"
-He asked me if I had seen him.
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-He said "Where do you live?"
-He asked me where I lived.
-He said "What did you do?"
-He asked me what I had done.
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(many = few ) & ( much = little )
1-I have got few friends.
2- I have got little time.
3-I have got fewer books than my brothers
4-I have got less time than Salman.(no enough)
1-I have a few books.
2- I have a little water. (enough)
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( some & any )
1- Are there any eggs?
- Yes, there are some eggs.
-No, there aren't any eggs.
2-Is there any milk?
-Yes, there is some milk.
-No, there isn't any milk.
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( as many as & as much as )
1- Ali bought five pens. Ahmad bought five pens.
- Ali bought pens as many as Ahmad.
2- Ali spent hundred riyals. Ahmad spent hundred riyals.
- Ali spent as much money as Ahmed.
